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The term meat-type quail (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) is often used to differentiate from the term Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) describing species widely used for egg production (Silva et al., 2013). Regardless the quail production approach (meat or egg), these animals are an economic animal model for breeding research (Alkan et al., 2010) due to the small body size (a large number of birds can be kept in a limited space) and short generation interval. In poultry breeding, understanding the genetics of traits that are affected by environmental change is important, as this will allow to assess the adaptive potential of these traits (Gienapp et al., 2017). The main part (about 70%) of total cost in livestock production is feed (Caetano et al., 2017), with the protein being the most expensive diet component. One possible strategy to optimize breeding programmes ABSTRACT. One possible strategy to optimize breeding programmes in terms of feed costs is selecting animals based on their genetic performance over protein levels (PL). A genotype and environment (G×E) interaction in which the gradual environmental changes are represented by the respective PL is such a strategy. Reaction norm models (RNM) are suitable to perform these analyses, since they enable to evaluate genetic differences among animals as well as variance components and heritability estimates over PL. The aim of the study was to investigate the G and PL interaction in two meat-type quail lines (UFV1 and UFV2) for their body weight at day 28 (BW28) and 35 (BW35) of age by using RNM. Diets were composed in order to have different PL (22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29%) but the same metabolizable energy (2900 kcal) by keeping constant amino acids : lysine ratio for animal performance. The data set contained 970 and 410 animals from UFV1 and UFV2 lines, respectively. Several RNM (with different Legendre polynomial orders and residual variance classes) were compared via Akaike (AIC) and Schwarz Bayesian (BIC) information criteria. The RNM outperformed (lower AIC and BIC values) the traditional model disregarding G×E and suggested G×PL interaction for BW28 and BW35. The observed moderate-to-high heritabilities increased over PL, thus proving the existence of G×PL for growth traits in meat-type quail. Received: 17 May 2017 Revised: 12 September 2017 Accepted: 20 November 2017

Genotype and protein level interaction in growth traits of meat-type quail through reaction norm models