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Livestock enterprises in Saudi Arabia are likely to depend almost entirely on imported feed ingredients. To mitigate the increasing costs of feeds and to make lamb production profitable, efforts have started to create possible strategies to reduce the costs of production through the phases of feed restriction and realimentation without compromising future growth performance. Several studies have reported the impact of different levels of feed restriction on body weight (Abouheif et al., 2013; Sami et al., 2013), but attention has hardly been paid to bone growth, despite the intimate association of ABSTRACT. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of feed restriction levels followed by realimentation on long bone growth and concentrations of growth hormone, osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in plasma. Thirty-six Najdi ram lambs weighing 30.1 ± 0.3 kg were randomly allotted to one of three feeding regimens. The first group was fed ad libitum throughout the trial (AD group). Other groups were subjected to 5-week feed restriction at either 0.75 or 0.60 of ad libitum intake (0.75AD and 0.60AD groups, respectively). Following the restriction period, lambs were returned to ad libitum feeding (realimentation) for 7 weeks. Feed restriction suppressed (P < 0.01) the growth of bone lengths in proportion to the restriction level. After the realimentation, bone lengths of animals from either 0.75AD or 0.60AD groups did not recover to the lengths of AD group. Plasma concentrations of inorganic P and osteocalcin decreased (P < 0.01) as the level of feed restriction increased. Concentration of plasma bone-specific ALP increased (P < 0.01) by 39.6 and 72.7% in 0.75AD and 0.60AD groups, respectively. After 4 weeks of realimentation, plasma concentrations of osteocalcin, ALP and P did not differ between all groups. The ulna, humerus and femur linear lengths were directly correlated with the level of osteocalcin and P; however, they showed a negative correlation with the level of ALP. Therefore, plasma concentration of P, osteocalcin and ALP appeared to be suitable bone markers for detecting changes in bone length due to variation in feed restriction levels. Received: 15 July 2014 Revised: 11 January 2017 Accepted: 1 June 2017

Impacts of restricted feeding and realimentation on bone development and plasma concentrations of bone-specific biomarkers in lambs