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To investigate the metabolism of linseed lignans in the rumen and its impact on ruminal metabolism, four healthy male Huainan goats were used in a crossover study. Following secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) crude extract treatment, the concentrations of SDG, enterodiol (END) and enterolactone (ENL) in both ruminal fl uid and serum were signifi cantly increased (P<0.01). Concomitantly, the pH value and ammonia-nitrogen concentration of ruminal fl uid were decreased (P<0.05), and the concentrations of microbial crude protein and total volatile fatty acids were increased (P<0.01). Furthermore, testosterone and 3, 3′, 5-triiodothyronine levels in serum and ruminal fl uid were both signifi cantly increased, while the concentration of E2 in ruminal fl uid was decreased. Based on these observations, it is suggested that ruminal microorganisms were able to effi ciently convert SDG to END and ENL, which were absorbed immediately. In return, SDG and/or its metabolites may facilitate the utilization of non-protein nitrogen and carbohydrates

The metabolism of linseed lignans in rumen and its impact on ruminal metabolism in male goats