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Essential oils (EO) are complex mixtures of naturally occurring, low molecular weight, heterogeneous plant secondary metabolites (Tisserand and Young, 2013). In contrast to oils composed of fatty acids, they are usually volatile or semi-volatile. The term ‘essential’ does not refer to the oil being indispensable for an organism, but rather containing the ‘essence’, the specific aroma, fragrance and flavour of the respective plant (Tisserand and Young, 2013). The EO are usually extracted from plant materials by distillation or cold pressing, but solvent extraction is also possible. So far, around 3000 different EO have been extracted from a wide range of plants. Plant EO can differ substantially in composition, but typically comprise two chemical classes, namely terpenes (including their oxidized derivatives, namely terpenoids) and shikimates, with the latter being less abundant and occurring mainly in the form of ABSTRACT. Essential oils (EO) are natural plant secondary compounds prevalent in various plants. They are characterized by an intense aroma and bioactive properties, which may influence intake, digestion, metabolism, performance and milk composition of livestock. In the present study, a commercial powdery product containing EO from eucalyptus, thyme and anise was fed at 25 g/day (= 5 g EO; following the producer’s recommendation) to 24 cows yielding 36 kg/day of energy-corrected milk (ECM). Feed intake and milk yield were recorded. The milk composition was analysed using an infrared spectrophotometer, and the coagulation properties were determined on a Lattodinamografo. Milk total phenol content and antioxidant capacity were photometrically analysed. The EO feeding resulted in a dry matter intake (DMI) which was higher by 4% compared to the control group, whereas ECM (32.8 vs 32.0 kg/day) was slightly but not significantly higher. Feed efficiency (1.67 vs 1.64 kg DMI/kg ECM) was not affected. The EO supplementation did not affect milk composition (fat, protein, lactose and urea) and coagulation properties. It significantly increased somatic cell count, but to an uncritical level. The EO did not enhance total phenol content and antioxidant capacity of milk. In conclusion, the investigated EO mix could be used for its main purpose according to the producer’s statements, namely to combat respiratory diseases, without impairing milk yield as well as milk compositional and technological properties. Higher supplementation levels than those recommended might have more pronounced effects on the variables investigated. Further studies are required to evaluate if the supplementation with higher doses would be favourable or unfavourable. Received: 2 September 2019 Revised: 9 January 2020 Accepted: 2 March 2020

journal of animal and feed sciences

Effects of mixed essential oils from eucalyptus, thyme and anise on composition, coagulation properties and antioxidant capacity of the milk of dairy cows