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Quantum communication technologies show great promise for applicationsranging from the secure transmission of secret messages to distributed quantumcomputing. Due to fiber losses, long-distance quantum communication requiresthe use of quantum repeaters, for which there exist quantum memory-basedschemes and all-photonic schemes. While all-photonic approaches based on graphstates generated from linear optics avoid coherence time issues associated withmemories, they outperform repeater-less protocols only at the expense of aprohibitively large overhead in resources. Here, we consider using matterqubits to produce the photonic graph states and analyze in detail the trade-offbetween resources and performance, as characterized by the achievable secretkey rate per matter qubit. We show that fast two-qubit entangling gates betweenmatter qubits and high photon collection and detection efficiencies are themain ingredients needed for the all-photonic protocol to outperform bothrepeater-less and memory-based schemes.

Resource requirements for efficient quantum communication using all-photonic graph states generated from a few matter qubits