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We study the out-of-equilibrium properties of $1+1$ dimensional quantumelectrodynamics (QED), discretized via the staggered-fermion Schwinger modelwith an Abelian $\mathbb{Z}_{n}$ gauge group. We look at two relevantphenomena: first, we analyze the stability of the Dirac vacuum with respect toparticle/antiparticle pair production, both spontaneous and induced by anexternal electric field; then, we examine the string breaking mechanism. Weobserve a strong effect of confinement, which acts by suppressing bothspontaneous pair production and string breaking into quark/antiquark pairs,indicating that the system dynamics displays a number of out-of-equilibriumfeatures.

Real Time Dynamics and Confinement in the $\mathbb{Z}_{n}$ Schwinger-Weyl lattice model for 1+1 QED