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The non-thermal source abundances of elements play a crucial role in theunderstanding of cosmic ray phenomena from a few GeV up to several tens of EeV.In this work a first systematic approach is presented that describes the changeof the abundances from the thermal to the non-thermal state via non-lineardiffusive shock acceleration by a temporally evolving shock. Hereby, not onlytime-dependent ionization states of elements contained in the ambient gas areconsidered, but also elements condensed on solid, charged dust grains, whichnot only can be injected into the acceleration process as well, but are fromour findings even the dominant injection channel for most heavy elements. Thisgeneric parametrized model is then applied to the case of particle accelerationby supernova remnants in various ISM phases as well as Wolf-Rayet (WR) windenvironments. We show that the overall low to medium energy cosmic raydistribution by WR explosions yield a significantly harder, which makes thiscontribution quite promising in order to explain the spectral hardening of theflux of certain elements, such as helium, observed by AMS-02 and otherexperiments at rigidities of about 1 TV, which would also be an important testfor the potential role of WR-progenitor supernovae as the sources of Galacticcosmic rays around the second knee.

Thermal-to-nonthermal element abundances in different Galactic environments