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High-energy phenomena in the cosmos, and in particular processes leading to the emission of gammarays in the energy range 300 KeV 100 TeV, play a very special role in the understanding of our Universe. This energy range is indeed associated with non-thermal phenomena and challenging particle acceleration processes. The Universe can be thought as a context where fundamental physics, relativistic processes, strong gravity regimes, and plasma instabilities can be explored in a way that is not possible to reproduce in our laboratories. High-energy astrophysics and atmospheric plasma physics are indeed not esoteric subjects, but are strongly linked with our daily life. Understanding cosmic high-energy processes has a large impact on our theories and laboratories applications. The technology involved in detecting gamma-rays is challenging and drives our ability to develop improved instruments for a large variety of applications. The energy range between 300 Kev and 100 MeV is an experimentally very difficult range and remained uncovered since the time of COMPTEL. In this range a new instrument can address all astrophysics issues left open by the current generation of instruments. In particular better angular resolution in the energy range 10 MeV 1 GeV is crucial to resolve patchy and complex features of diffuse sources in the Galaxy and in the Galactic Centre as well as increasing the point source sensitivity. This instrument can address scientific topics of great interest to the community, with particular emphasis on multifrequency correlation studies involving radio, optical, IR, X-ray, soft gamma-ray and TeV emission. Above 100 MeV, thanks to the launch of the Fermi-LAT satellite and to the advent of a new generation of imaging air Cherenkov telescopes (H.E.S.S., MAGIC, VERITAS), several thousand gamma-ray sources are known today revealing an unexpected ubiquity of particle acceleration processes in the Universe. Major scientific challenges are still ahead, such as the identification of the nature of Dark Matter, the discovery and understanding of the sources of cosmic rays, or the comprehension of the particle acceleration processes that are at work in the various objects. The identification of the nature of Dark Matter can be done with the detection of gamma rays and cosmic rays from the annihilation or decay of dark matter particles. This is a promising method for identifying dark matter, understanding its intrinsic properties, and mapping its distribution in the universe.

Indirect dark-matter searches with gamma-rays: Current and future gamma-ray observations from KeV to TeV