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A nuclear emulsion is used in a high-resolution 3D tracking device. AgBr crystals of 0.2 μm size that are penetrated by a charged particle grow, via a chemical development process, into 0.8 μm silver grains that can be observed as a track by using a microscope. Recent fully automated readout systems have enabled not only high-resolution measurements but also large-scale experiments (accelerator and balloon-borne experiments, cosmic ray muon radiography, etc.). Since 2010, properties of the emulsion detector have drastically changed. We have introduced a system of nuclear emulsion gel production to the laboratory in Nagoya University, Japan, and have started self-development and supply of the new gel, instead of relying on photographic film companies. We have also developed a next-generation readout system, the Hyper Track Selector (HTS). The scanning speed is designed to be 0.9 m2/h (100 times faster than the current system). GammaRay Astro-Imager with Nuclear Emulsion (GRAINE) is a cosmic gammaray observation project that uses a balloon-borne emulsion detector. The angular resolution of the emulsion gamma-ray telescope (0.08◦ @ 1–2 GeV) is one order of magnitude higher than that of the Fermi-LAT. In addition, it has polarization sensitivity using the pair creation mode. A search for exotic particles and measurements of short-lived particle production rates in cosmic rays at balloon altitudes will be also conducted. In the second GRAINE balloon-borne experiment in 2015 May, 50 m2 of the new highly sensitive emulsion films were used for the medium-scale gamma-ray telescope (aperture area 3600 cm2), with which we demonstrate the imaging performance. We present the status of the latest emulsion detector and readout system based on results of performance tests conducted for the GRAINE balloon-borne experiment in 2015.

Latest emulsion detector for cosmic ray observation: high sensitive emulsion film and high speed readout system