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The Fluorescence Detector (FD) at the Pierre Auger Observatory measures the intensity of the scattered light from laser tracks generated by the Central Laser Facility (CLF) and the eXtreme Laser Facility (XLF) to monitor and estimate the vertical aerosol optical depth (τ(z,t)). This measurement is needed to obtain unbiased and reliable FD measurements of the arrival direction and energy of the primary cosmic ray, and the depth of the maximum shower development. The CLF was upgraded substantially in 2013 with the addition of a solid state laser, new generation GPS, a robotic beam calibration system, better thermal and dust isolation, and improved software. The upgrade also included a back-scatter Raman LIDAR to measure τ(z,t). The new features and applications of the upgraded instrument are described. These include the laser energy calibration and the atmospheric monitoring measurements. The first τ(z,t) results and comparisons after the upgrade are presented using different methods. The first method compares the FD hourly response to the scattered light from the CLF (or XLF) against a reference hourly profile measured during a clear night where zero aerosol contents are assumed. The second method simulates FD responses with different atmospheric parameters and selects the parameters that provide the best fit to the actual FD response. A third method uses the new Raman LIDAR receiver in-situ to measure the back-scatter light from the CLF laser. The results show a good data agreement for the first and second methods using FD stations located at the same distance from the facilities. Preliminary results of τ(z,t) using the Raman LIDAR are presented as well.

Atmospheric monitoring at the Pierre Auger Observatory using the upgraded Central Laser Facility