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Current VLBI observations are controlled and attended locally at the radio telescopes on the basis of pre-scheduled session files.Operations have to deal with system specific station commands and individual setup procedures. Either the scheduler nor the correlator or analyst get real-time feedback about system parameter during a session. Changes in schedules after the start of a session by remote are impossible or at least quite difficult. For future scientific approaches a more flexible mechanism would optimize the usage of resources at the sites. Therefore shared-observation control between world-wide telescopes, remote attendance/control as well as completely unattended-observations could be useful, besides the classic way to run VLBI observations. To reach these goals the Geodetic Observatory Wettzell in cooperation with the Max-Planck-Institute for Radio Astronomy (Bonn) develop a software extension to the existing NASA Field System for remote control. It uses the principle of a remotely accessible, autonomous process cell as server extension to the Field System on the basis of Remote Procedure Calls (RPC). Based on this technology the first completely remote attended and controlled geodetic VLBI session between Wettzell, Germany and Concepcion, Chile was successfully performed over 24 hours. This first test was extraordinary valuable to gather information about the differences between VLBI systems and to measure the performance of internet connections and automatic connection re-establishments. During the 24h-session, the network load, the number of sent/received packages and the transfer speed was monitored and captured. It was a first reliable test for the future wishes to control several telescopes with one graphical user interface on different data transfer rates over large distances in an efficient way. In addition, future developments for an authentication and user role management will be realized within the upcoming NEXPRES project. VLBI observation strategies At the Geodetic Observatory Wettzell several possible observations strategies were detected. The standard case is, that an observer controls a VLBI observation locally on site at the telescope (local observation). With new remote control technologies it is not necessary anymore that the operator is on location. He can control the system from remote (remote observation). This technology can also be used that more than one telescope is controlled by one operator and that the control can be shared between operators (shared observation). At Wettzell also completely unattended observations have been done especially for the weekend sessions for over 2 years now. For these the antenna runs completely autonomous and automatic without an operator (unattended observation). Especially remote and shared observations offers a lot of new possibilities: A passive data access can be granted for live monitoring. There are possibilities for tele-working with full control access or specialists can assist to local operators by remote. Very remote telescopes as at Antarctica can be controlled from over large distances. And shared observations can reduce the manpower for shifts or help to re-act on current research needs. Shared observation test Wettzell develops a software extension for remote control to the existing NASA Field System (FS) in cooperation with the Max-Planck-Institute for Radio Astronomy (Bonn). The software, called e-control, uses remotely accessible, autonomous control cells as server extension to the FS on the basis of Remote Procedure Calls (RPC). Based on this technology several remote control and attendance tests were successfully shown with telescopes at Germany, Chile and Antarctica. The latest test now demonstrated the idea of shared observations. Both telescopes at Wettzell, Germany and Concepcion, Chile were operated by one operator at Wettzell for a the whole 24 hours IVS-session R4438, where both telescopes participated. For security reasons, the whole communication was tunneled using Secure Shell (SSH) with automatic connection control. It (re-)establishes broken SSH tunnel without user interaction. During the session local operators were available on both sides in the case of malfunctions or for assistance. The integrated chat functionality and a webcam live view gave additional feedback.

First proof of concept of remote attendance for future observation strategies between Wettzell (Germany) and Concepcion (Chile)