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The kinetic decoupling of weakly interacting massive parti cles (WIMPs) in the early universe sets a scale that can directly be translated into a small-scale cu toff in the spectrum of matter density fluctuations. I present a formalism which allows to describe this decoupling process in great detail and to determine the cutoff scale to a high accuracy; wit h decoupling temperatures of several MeV to a few GeV, depending on the details of the underlying WI MP microphysics, the smallest protohalos to be formed range between 10 −11 and almost 10 −3 solar masses. Observational consequences and prospects to probe this small-scale cutoff, w hich ould provide a fascinating new window into the particle nature of dark matter, are briefly di scussed.

Thermal decoupling of WIMPS: The link between particle physics properties and the small-scale structure of (dark) matter