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The production of leading neutrons, where the neutron carries a large fraction xL of the incoming proton’s longitudinal momentum, is studied in deep-inelastic positron-proton scattering at HERA. The data were taken with the H1 detector in the years 2006 and 2007 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 122 pb−1. The semi-inclusive cross section is measured in the phase space defined by the photon virtuality 6 < Q2 < 100 GeV2, Bjorken scaling variable 1.5 ·10−4 < x < 3 ·10−2, longitudinal momentum fraction 0.32 < xL < 0.95 and neutron transverse momentum pT < 0.2 GeV. The leading neutron structure function, F LN(3) 2 (Q2,x,xL), and the fraction of deepinelastic scattering events containing a leading neutron are studied as a function of Q2, x and xL. Assuming that the pion exchange mechanism dominates leading neutron production, the data provide constraints on the shape of the pion structure function.

Measurement of leading neutron production in DIS at HERA