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As nitrogen (N) has played an important role in cocoa production, both providing the N-sources alternative materials, and increasing the efficiency of fertilization are urgently required to support both crop and land productivity. This research aimed to investigate the N uptake of cocoa seedlings as results of combination of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) and urea applications. To support the understanding in terms of N dynamics, SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) chlorophyll content, N use efficiency (NUE) and recovery of applied nitrogen (REN) were determined with additional information related to the optimal dosage of urea applied to cocoa seedlings. Greenhouse experiment, using ICCRI 08 cocoa seedling, was carried out in Kaliwining Experimental Station, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jember, East Java. The LOF used for this experiment was made from about one month fermentation of cocoa pod waste in a 200 L plastic tank with additional biodecomposer to improve the biodegradation of organic materials. The experiment was designed by a completely randomized design (CRD), and taking into account two factors, i.e. the level of LOH concentrations and urea applications, as treatments of which their effect was determined through regular growth observations and laboratory determinations. The variation of LOF concentration levels were 0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, and 1%. Additionally, the rates of urea applications include control, 10%, 25%, and 50% of fertilizer recommendation dosages. SPAD readings indicate the significant effect of urea and its combination with LOF to the increase in the chlorophyll content by 10-20% in compare to control. The total N uptake of cocoa tended to decrease with the increase in concentration of LOF. With an average increase of about 28% compared to control, statistical analysis suggested the insignificant different effect of treatments. The effect LOF to the increase of NUE, ranging from 0.50 to 0.80, in combination with specific level of urea. With 50% of urea recommendation dosage, the increase in NUE was above 40% up to 55% compared to non-LOF applied treatments. REN data interpretation indicates the higher values for treatments with lower level of urea applications. With the increase in urea rates, the REN value was decreasing implying the contribution from the input of N. In this level, the REN was down to below 50% showing the lower amount of N required in compared to N inputs. Relating the dosage of urea to N uptake showed an asymptotic type of curves which indicated the optimal rate of urea ranging from 0.5 to 1 g urea per pot. The higher amount of LOF applied showed to decrease the optimal dosage of urea required in compare to non-LOF application. Thought its use as source of nutrients is limited, current research may indicate the potential utilization of LOF through foliar spray to increase the efficiency of urea application.

Nitrogen uptake of cocoa seedlings as a response of cocoa pod husk derived liquid organic fertilizer application in combination with urea