Critical Review of Clinical Aspects and Treatment Strategies of Cranial Dural Arteriovenous Malformations

The authors discuss the treatment strategies for dural arteriovenous fistulas, considering anatomical features such as the presence of cortical venous reflux (CVR) and patterns of cerebral venous drainage. Illustrative cases are presented with the different clinical and angiographic features, focusing on patterns of arterial and venous anatomy, normal cerebral venous drainage and the presence of cortical venous reflux. A review of the pathophysiology and current classifications are presented. The treatment strategies are discussed, focusing on the endovascular procedures available.