English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Most of the physiological effects of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) are mediated  by angiotensin II (AgII) type one receptors (AT1R), producing cellular  dedifferentiation and proliferation; vasoconstriction; renal tubule sodium (Na+)  reabsorption etc. However, the pathophysiologic role of AgII type two receptor  (AT2R) has not been clearly defined yet. This review was, therefore, aimed at  summarizing a plenty of primary literatures related to the role of AT2R. AT2R is a  special G protein coupled receptor that is not coupled with the usual second  messengers. The expression level of AT2R is greater in the neonates and fetal ages  than in adults though its expression is up-regulated following tissue injury in adults  implicating its role in regulating cell differentiation, growth and inflammations. Most  of the cellular actions mediated by AT2R are counter regulatory to that of AT1R. AgII  produces the cellular effects by acting on AT2R via different signal transduction  pathways. The common cellular effects mediated by AT2R are antiproliferative, anti- inflammatory, vasodilation, natriuresis, etc which may be essential for modulating  the cardiovascular, renal and brain injuries caused by different etiologies. The  principal molecular signal transductions mediated by AT2R involve stimulation of  the bradykinin and/or nitric oxide-cGMP pathwy, inactivation of mitogen activated  protein kinase pathway by stimulating tyrosine and serine/threonien phosphatses,  production of the neuroprotective factors, like BDNF, etc. These signaling pathways  may exert cardio-renal and neuroprotective functions. Therefore, the development of  drugs that stimulate the AT2R may the potential target to promote the treatment of  different disorders related to the cardiovascular, renal and brain dysfunctions.

journal of drug delivery and therapeutics

THE ROLE OF ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 2 RECEPTORS (AT2RS) IN THE REGULATION OF CARDIO-RENAL AND NEUROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITIES: POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS