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Caves are unique natural features and habitats where specialized organisms grow. One of the world’s main concerns is that of the conservation and preservation of our cultural heritage, including rock art and wall paintings within caves. This study was conducted by collecting the samples scraped from wall surfaces at 19 different locations in painted caves of Niah, Sarawak, and Tempurung, Perak. Phenotypic characterization was used to identify the strains of cyanobacteria. Morphospecies identification was carried out using a light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microflora from both sampling locations was represented by three cyanobacteria morphospecies, Synechococcus sp. (18.78%), Gloeocapsa aeruginosa (12.20%), Chroococcus minor (4.94%).The photomicrographs of all the dominant microalgae recorded Unialgal cultures were established for Synechococcus sp. for further studies, because this species was abundant in the samples. Synechococcus sp. a cylindrical oblong elliptical unicellular or sometimes 2 to 4 cells as a result of cell division. Under SEM Synechococcus sp. cells were cylindrical to oblong 2.6 ?m in diameter and 3.8?m long. The cells were enclosed in hyaline mucilage and with cells usually aggregating in large numbers to form colonies. The growth was controlled chemical method using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), calcium hypochlorite (Ca (OCl)2)  and hydrogen peroxide (H?O?). The laboratory studies showed that the treatment with 5% H?O?, Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl gave a significant difference (p?0.05) on the growth of Synechococcus sp. However, the effect of 15% H?O? was not significantly different (p?0.05) with Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl at 10, 15, and 30 minutes exposure, only 5 minutes exposure was significant (p?0.05).

Isolation, Definition and Chemical Control some of the Bacteria that Cause Contamination of Wall Paintings in Caves