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espanolEl carbon activado es un material utilizado industrialmente en adsorcion de gases, filtrados, limpieza de liquidos y como soporte para catalizadores en medios no oxidantes. Ademas tiene varias aplicaciones ambientales como en la adsorcion de iones metalicos de plomo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue la obtencion de carbones activados carbonizando biomasa de cana de azucar a 400°C en atmosfera de nitrogeno, activando con acido fosforico y oxidando con acido nitrico o peroxido de hidrogeno seguido de tratamiento termico. La preparacion de carbones activados a partir de residuos agricolas esta desarrollandose con excelentes resultados potencialmente aplicables. Bajo este contexto, se muestra un metodo de preparacion mediante activacion quimica con acido fosforico, la cual aumento el contenido de carbono y disminuyo el de oxigeno, seguidamente con el objeto de estudiar el desarrollo del area superficial se somete a proceso de oxidacion con calentamiento termico. Los carbones obtenidos fueron caracterizados mediante analisis proximal y para la determinacion de los grupos funcionales oxigenados se utilizo la espectroscopia infrarroja de reflectancia difusa-transformada de Fourier. La determinacion de grupos oxigenados basicos y acidos se realizo por el metodo Boehm. Para la medicion del area superficial se utilizo el metodo BET. El area de microporos se incremento por el tratamiento con HNO3 y H2O2 desde 278 m2/g hasta 402 y 446m2/g, respectivamente. La mayor parte del area en los carbones se debio a los microporos. El pH de los carbones fue aproximadamente de tres y los grupos COOH alcanzaron valores hasta 2,12meq/g. EnglishActivated charcoal is a material used in industry for absorbing gases and filtrates, cleansing liquids as well as for supporting catalysts in non-oxidative media. In addition, it is utilized in several environmental applications, such as in the absorption of metal lead ions. The objective of this work was the obtainment of activated charcoals by carbonizing sugarcane biomass at 400°C in a nitrogen atmosphere through activation with phosphoric acid and by oxidization with nitric acid or hydrogen peroxide followed by heat treatment. The preparation of activated charcoals from agricultural waste is being developed with excellent and potentially applicable results. In this context, a preparation method is shown using a chemical activation with phosphoric acid, which increased the content of carbon and decreased that of oxygen, then in order to study the development of surface area, it was put through an oxidation process with thermal heating. The charcoals obtained were characterized by proximal analysis, and diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform was used for the determination of oxygenated functional groups. Basic oxygenated groups and acids were determined by means of Boehm’s method, while the BET method was used for the measurement of the surface area. The area of micropores was increased by treatment with HNO3 and H2O2 from 278m2/g up to 402 and 446m2/g, respectively. Most of the area on the charcoals was due to micropores. Charcoal pH was approximately 3 and COOH groups reached values of up to 2.12meq/g.

Área superficial de carbones activados y modificados obtenidos del recurso agrícola Saccharum officinarum