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Oil palm is being promoted as one of the economic crops in Nigeria; currently its establishment in large plantations is receiving greater attention as a strategy for poverty reduction in Nigeria (Ayodele, 2010). As pressure continue to mount on big oil palm industries in Asia to stop deforestation for oil palm plantation, the desperation by African countries including Nigeria to tackle poverty, has provided these Asia oil palm companies an opportunity to turn African high forests into fertile ground for oil palm expansion (Walter et al., 2011). Key players in the oil palm sector always use key words like, economic development, poverty alleviation and nature conservation as ploy to achieve their goal (Walter et al., 2011). In Asia Wilcove and Koh (2010) believed that the failure to curb or slow down the conversion of tropical forests to oil palm in the region lies in the social, economic, and ecological realities surrounding oil palm production. In Nigeria Ayodele (2010) pointed out that oil palm development is an effective means of poverty alleviation because of the high yield and low cost of production, and so it should be given a special consideration. This many States including Cross Rive State are now promoting oil palm plantation development in their localities. This has stimulated the intrusion of big Malaysian oil palm companies such as PZ Wilmar in Cross River State, particularly in the Oban hill region; the only biodiversity hotspot in West Africa, which is among the top 25 biodiversity hot spots in the world (Myer et al., 2000).It is the only area with near intact largest block of contiguous forest in the region (Oates et ABSTRACT

Oil Palm Plantation Development: An Emerging Threat to Biodiversity Conservation in Oban Division of Cross River National Park, Nigeria