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There is a methodological task of conformance of the results of tests of microand nanohardness using indenters of different shapes. When measuring the hardness of crystallographically anisotropic materials, such as single crystals or individual grains of a polycrystal, it is necessary to take into account how the orientation of the pyramid tip affects the results obtained. Investigations were carried out for a tip with four faces (Vickers pyramid) when measuring the microhardness on single crystals of Hadfield steel. The hardness measurement was performed for the {110} and {112} crystallographic planes and different orientations of the pyramid faces. The nominal effective shear stresses of slip and twinning systems were calculated for the cases under consideration. The calculation results were compared with the orientation of the shear traces on the face surface near the indentation of the Vickers indenter. Shear traces are formed during deformation along the maximally loaded slip or twinning systems. Around the indentation, one can observe traces of displacement from all octahedral planes possible for a given crystallographic orientation of the surface. Deformation domains are observed near the faces of the pyramid. Shear domains are regions of the crystal in which separate shear systems operate from the possible ones. The acting shear systems depend on the geometrical arrangement of the indenter faces relative to the close-packed planes. Only in some cases can one assert the predominant role of twinning. As a rule, an analysis of shear traces does not allow one to unambiguously judge the predominance of the slip or twinning mechanism in the local region near the indenter imprint. The operating systems of sliding and twinning determine the features of deformation near the indentation and its shape change.

Determination of sliding and twinning shear stress during microindentation of Hadfield steel single crystals