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We sought to improve the understanding of delayed mortality in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) captured and released in freshwater fisheries using telemetry, physiology, and reflex assessments. Specifically, we evaluated the relative roles of gillnet injury and air exposure, and investigated whether facilitating physiological recovery with a specially designed recovery box can improve survival. Fish (n=238) were captured by beach seine, and allocated to four treatment groups, Captured-only (C), Air exposed (A), Injured-only (I), and Injured + Air exposed (IA). Half of the fish in each group were provided with a 15-min recovery box treatment. After treatment, fish were radio tagged and released to resume their migration. An additional 36 untagged fish were captured, subjected to the same treatments and blood sampled 15-min post-treatment. Plasma lactate and cortisol concentrations were elevated for all treatment groups, relative to a subset of fish blood sampled immediate upon capture. Osmolality concentrations were highest for the two air-exposed groups (A and IA). Moreover, these same two airexposed groups showed significant reflex impairment relative to C and I fish. Gillnet injury significantly reduced the overall mean migration speed of tagged fish. The differences in post-release survival of sockeye among treatment groups were generally consistent with expectations; the two injury groups (I and IA) had the lowest overall survival over ~145kms. Interestingly, there was no significant change in survival

The biological and social sciences of improving post-release survival in sockeye salmon following fisheries interaction in the lower Fraser River, British Columbia