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We examined several buildings of nine archaeological sites in Mexico for the presence of mycobacteria and we could isolate forty-five nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). These were isolated from biofilms using selective media containing different antibiotics and dyes. Identification of the isolated mycobacteria was carried out, first, by a molecular identification by means of a mycobacteria-specific PCR using bacterial lysates of the acid-fast bacilli followed by species identification by comparing of three molecular markers: genes rrs ( 16SrRNA ), hsp 65 and rpo B. Furthermore, the physiographic data of the archaeological zones under study was related to the number of acid-fast microorganisms using a univariate analysis of variance. From the 45 isolated mycobacteria, 21 were Mycobacteroides chelonae ; seven, Mycobacteroides abscessus ; five, Mycolicibacterium flavescens ; four, Mycobacterium alvei ; two, Mycobacterium fortuitum ; and six, Mycobacterium sp. Most NTM were isolated from two archaeological sites: 25 from Guachimontones (Jalisco), and 13 from Atetelco (Estado de Mexico). The statistical analysis showed that environmental factors such as climate and the temperature-humidity-precipitation interaction had the greatest influence on the presence of NTM in these archaeological zones.

Micobacterias no tuberculosas de sitios arqueológicos de México