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Activity of 2’,5’-oligoadenylate (2-SA) synthetase was measured in sera as well as in lymphocytes from humans and mice by a sensitive radioimmunoassay. Low levels of 2-SA synthetase activity were detected reproducibly in the serum and plasma from healthy subjects. The enzyme activity in the serum was 0.3-0.7 pmol/h/ml of serum, which was 1-2% of that in the lymphocytes obtained from l ml of blood. Low levels of 2-5A synthetase activity were also detected in the serum from mice. The enzyme activity in mouse serum was increased by administration of interferons or interferon inducers. Changes in the enzyme activity in the serum were generally in accord with those in the lymphocytes. The enzyme activity in the lymphocyte extract was 50-200 times higher than that in the serum when the activity was compared on a protein basis. We further detected 2-5A synthetase activity in the culture supernatant when peripheral mononuclear cells were cultivated in virro for 24 h; the activity was 0.3-1.0% of that in the cultured cells. The enzyme level in the culture medium was elevated with an increase in the intracellular enzyme level produced by interferons given in virro. The antiviral action of interferon has been and its level increases by interferon or by viral implicated in 2’,5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A). Treatment of cells with interferon induces 25A synthetase which synthesizes 2-SA from ATP in the presence of double-stranded RNA. The 2-SA binds to and activates 2-5A-dependent RNase (RNase L) which degrades RNA at nanomolar concentrations (l, 9, ll). The 2-5A synthetaseactivity is widely distributed in a variety of cells and tissues (21, 22), 2Present address: Department of Chemistry, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376, Japan infections (3, 7, 8, l0, 22). The elevated enzyme activity has been detected in the peripheral mononuclear cells from patients with viral infections and patients that received interferon. The 2-SA synthetase activity in peripheral mononuclear cells has been shown to be a useful biochemical marker for response of individuals to interferon therapy or for viral infections (4, 5, 13-l5, l9, 20). However, isolation of peripheral mononuclear cells from blood is not easy compared to the preparation of serum. If we can measure the

biomedical research

&lt;b&gt;DETECTION OF 2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;'&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;,5'-OLIGOADENYLATE SYNTHETASE ACTIVITY IN SERUM AND IN SUPERNATANT OF CULTIVATED LYMPHOCYTES: RESPONSE TO INTERFERONS OR INTERFERON &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;INDUCERS &lt;/b&gt;