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High titer of autoantibody against glial frbrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was found in the serum from patients with Alzheimer’s disease. This was shown by l) positive immunostaining of GFAP by Western blotting, 2) histochemical immunostaining of astrocytes of human brain, and 3) determination of autoantibody levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with GFAP as antigen. High anti-GFAP IgG level (quantity of IgG higher than that of 500 ng/ml monoclonal mouse IgG against GFAP) was found in 80% ofAlzheimer patients (20/25), but only in 9.1% (3/33) of multi-infarct dementia patients and in 3% (4/126) of the control subjects. Determination of the autoantibody level against GFAP can be useful for diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease in the elderly population with dementia. Alzheimer’s disease is primary dementia, causing progressive deterioration of mental function. Although toxic, viral, degenerative, vascular, immunologic and other etiological mechanisms have been proposed in pathogenesis, the cause of Alzheimer’s disease is unknown. The pathologic hallmark is a marked increase in senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in certain regions of the brain. Even though Alzheimer’s disease is the most frequent disease causing dementia in presenile and senile population, the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease is often obscure without neuropathological findings of the autopsied tissue. It has been a major research goal to find biological or biochemical parameters in patients’ biological materials which highly indicate Alzheimer’s disease. Recently some evidence suggests that the immune mechanism may play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (4, 8). In this report we conducted the immunological study to discover a marker parameter for Alzheimer’s disease in the serum of the patient. MATERIALS AND METHODS

<b>A HIGH LEVEL OF ANTI-GFAP AUTOANTIBODY IN THE SERUM OF PATIENTS WITH ALZHEIMER’S </b><b>DISEASE </b>