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Restricted diet and physical training (PT) are the first treatments for early stage symptom of type 2 diabetes. We studied the effect of PT on insulin resistance in pheripheral tissues and alpha-glucosidases in small intestine of KK-Ay mice, an animal model oftype 2 diabetes. The blood glucose and plasma insulin level in KK-Ay mice were significantly decreased after 3 weeks of PT when compared with control group (no-exercise). PT caused decrease in insulin resistance, which may be beneficial, for insulin tolerance . However, PT had little, if any, effect on alpha-glucosidase activity in small intestine of KK-Ay mice. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and increased glucose uptake in small intestine are known as the major pathogenic factors of type 2 diabetes, in which glucose-induced insulin secretion may also be impaired in beta cells. Restricted diet and physical training (PT) are the initial cures for early stage of type 2 diabetes. Since alpha-glucosidases in small intestine hydrolyse disaccharide to monosaccharide, therapeutic agents to inhibit the alpha-glucosidase of small intestine have been used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes patients in recent years (1, 2, 6, 8, 9, 13, 15). However, there is no experimental evidence of interaction between a1pha~glucosidases and exercise. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to examine the interaction between PT and alphaglucosidases using type 2 diabetic animal model. Animals. Male KK-Ay mice (Clea, Tokyo, Japan) on early stage of type 2 diabetes condition (6-11 weeks old) were used. Under non-fasting, those with blood glucose levels above 200 mg/dL were considered to be diabetic and used in this Correspondence to T. Miura at the above address, Tel: 0593-83-8991 (Ext. 2216); Fax: 0593-83-9666; Email: miura@suzuka-u.ac.jp study. These mice were housed in an airconditioned room at 22+2°C with a 12 h light and 12 h dark cycle. The animals were kept in the experimental animal room for 7 days with free access to food and water. For the determination of blood glucose levels, blood samples (20 pg) were withdrawn from the cavernous sinus with a capillary glass tube. E.xercise. For PT studies, KK-Ay mice were physically trained on a motorized treadmill (Muromati Kikai Co. Ltd Osaka Japan) for 120 min (5 m/min, 7% grade) every day (7). The studies started between 13:00-14:00 pm. Alpha-Giucosidase Activz.'ty. After overnight fasting, mouse small intestine was excised, mucos membrane was removed on a slide and homogenized individually with Potter-Elvehjem homogenizer. Alpha-glucosidase activity was assayed by the method of Dahlqvist with some modifications (4). Scrose, maltose (50ml\/1) and isomaltose (5 mM) were incubated with diluted enzyme. The reaction was terminated by placing in a boiling water bath for 3min and glucose content was determined.

Effect of physical training on insulin resistance and alpha-glucosidase activity in early stage symptom of type 2 diabetic mice