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Previous study has provided evidence that chromogranin A-like immunoreactivity (CgA-like IR) is stored in the exocrine cells in the granular convoluted tubles (GCT), and is secreted highly concentrated CgA-like IR (50.4 mM) into saliva in response to noradrenaline (NAd; 1-100 ;,¢M) in the perfused submandibular gland isolated from male Wistar rat. The present study shows that, in the perfused gland isolated from the inbred heat-tolerant FOK rat, the combined stimulation with NAd (1-100 ;,¢M) and 0.1 ,uM acetylcholine increased salivary secretion containing highly concentrated CgA-like IR: the 100 ;,¢M NAd-induced salivary flow rate and CgA-like IR release rate in the FOK rats did not decreased but remained at higher levels almost identical to the corresponding levels induced by 10 ;,¢M NAd, and these secretory responses were significantly larger than the corresponding responses in the control rats. Possible mechanisms involved in the maintained secretory responses to 100 ,uM NAd were discussed in conjunction with the heat and cold tolerance of salivary glands in FOK rat. The FOK rat, a genetically heat-tolerant strain with a capacity for enhanced heat loss, was selected for heat tolerance from an outbred colony of several rat strains, and was submated for over 30 generations (2). The enhanced heat loss of FOK rat depends mainly on the ability to mobilize and evaporate body fluid efficiency: the amounts of saliva secreted by anaesthetized FOK rats increased markedly with an increase in core temperature from 39.0°C to 40.0°C (3). In addition to the heat tolerance, recent study showed further that the FOK rat also have high capacity Correspondence to: Dr Tomio Kanno at the above address. Tel: +81-544-22-2771 Fax: +81-544-22-2770 E-mail: t-kanno@yanaihara.co.jp for nonshivering thermogenesis (12). The enhancement in salivary secretion in FOK rat can further be analyzed in isolated and perfused submandibular glands prepared from FOK rats. I The submandibular gland was isolated for perfusion by a method described by Compton ez‘ af. (1) and by Murakami er al. (9) with some modification (5). CgA-like IR was measured by a region-specific enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for rat CgA using anti-rat CgA(359-389) developed in accordance to the EIA for human CgA (10) in our Institute. The acetylcholine (ACh)and NAd-induced secretory responses, salivary flow rate, CgA-like IR concentration and rate of CgA-like IR secretion (the production of the CgA-like IR concentration and the salivary flow rate), were examined in the isolated and perfused submandibular

biomedical research

Enhancement of noradrenaline-induced salivary flow and chromogranin A secretion in vascularly perfused submandibular gland isolated from the inbred heat-tolerant FOK rat