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This study aimed to evaluate railway vehicle behavior when subjected to crosswinds. The authors developed a simulation program applying a full-vehicle model expanded from a half-vehicle model. The simulation program measured the dependence of wheel unloading ratio (or critical wind speed of overturning) on factors not previously considered in the half-vehicle model. The results indicated that wheel unloading ratio reaches maximum value when the yawing moment is zero. The authors determined that the best strategy for evaluation of the relationship between wind speed and wheel unloading ratio (or overturning) would use the wheel unloading ratio averaged through the vehicle as an indicator, regardless of each side's stack wheel load imbalance. They suggest that the proposed approach can be a useful tool for detailed investigations of strong crosswind-induced overturning accidents as well as for analyzing railway vertical behavior under certain wind conditions.

Safety Evaluation of Railway Vehicle against Crosswind Applying a Full-vehicle Model