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Â Â Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the chemical constituents in the dichloromethane extract by gas chromatographyâ€“mass spectrometry (GCâ€“MS) analysis and evaluate the cytotoxic effects on leukemia cells of isolated compounds from Caesalpinia sappan Linn.Methods: Dichloromethane extract obtained from the heartwood of C. sappan was investigated by GCâ€“MS and column chromatography. Cytotoxic effects on leukemia cells of the isolated compounds were examined using MTT assay.Results: The GCâ€“MS analysis of dichloromethane extract from C. sappan revealed the presence of 14 compounds. Linoleic acid and I²-sitosterol were found to be the major compounds presenting in 14% and 13%, respectively. The separation of the dichloromethane extract led to the isolation of brazilin (1) as a major compound, together with lupeol (2), and a mixture of I²-sitosterol (3), and stigmasterol (4). Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic methods. Brazilin (1) showed a cytotoxic effect on human acute myeloid leukemia cell (KG1) and human acute myeloid leukemia stem cell (KG1a) with inhibitory concentration at 50% growth (IC50) values of 13.30 Â± 0.49 and 12.24 Â± 1.08 I¼g/ml, respectively. Conclusion: Many groups of phytochemical compounds in the dichloromethane extract of C. sappan were detected by GCâ€“MS analysis. Some of them have been reported to possess various biological activities. Moreover, brazilin (1) isolated compound from C. sappan shows cytotoxicity on leukemia cells, which could be a potential anticancer property.

PHYTOCHEMICAL AND CYTOTOXIC INVESTIGATIONS OF THE HEARTWOOD OF CAESALPINIA SAPPAN LINN