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Context: Actor-based programming languages offer many essential features fordeveloping modern distributed reactive systems. These systems exploit the actormodel's isolation property to fulfill their performance and scalabilitydemands. Unfortunately, the reliance of the model on isolation as its mostfundamental property requires programmers to express complex interactionpatterns between their actors to be expressed manually in terms of complexcombinations of messages sent between the isolated actors.  Inquiry: In the last three decades, several language design proposals havebeen introduced to reduce the complexity that emerges from describing saidinteraction and coordination of actors. We argue that none of these proposalsis satisfactory in order to express the many complex interaction patternsbetween actors found in modern reactive distributed systems.  Approach: We describe seven smart home automation scenarios (in which anactor represents every smart home appliance) to motivate the support by actorlanguages for five radically different types of message synchronizationpatterns, which are lacking in modern distributed actor-based languages.Fortunately, these five types of synchronisation patterns have been studiedextensively by the Complex Event Processing (CEP) community. Our paperdescribes how such CEP patterns are elegantly added to an actor-basedprogramming language.  Knowledge: Based on our findings, we propose an extension of thesingle-message matching paradigm of contemporary actor-based languages in orderto support a multiple-message matching way of thinking in the same way asproposed by CEP languages. Our proposal thus enriches the actor-model by waysof declaratively describing complex message combinations to which an actor canrespond.  Grounding: We base the problem-statement of the paper on an online poll inthe home automation community that has motivated the real need for theCEP-based synchronisation operators between actors proposed in the paper.Furthermore, we implemented a DSL -- called Sparrow -- that supports saidoperators and we argue quantitatively (in terms of LOC and in terms of areduction of the concerns that have to be handled by programmers) that the DSLoutperforms existing approaches.  Importance: This work aims to provide a set of synchronization operators thathelp actor-based languages to handle the complex interaction required by modernreactive distributed systems. To the best of our knowledge, our proposal is thefirst one to add advanced CEP synchronization operators to the -- relativelysimplistic single-message based matching -- mechanisms of most actor-basedlanguages.

Advanced Join Patterns for the Actor Model based on CEP Techniques