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Graphene oxide with eggshells (GO/ES) adsorbent has been studied for fluoride ions (F – ) removal. An adsorption study was conducted in batch experiments at different adsorption parameters, which are initial F –  concentration, contact time, and temperature. The effects of these adsorption parameters towards F –  removal by using GO/ES adsorbent were investigated. The adsorption parameters were then analyzed with adsorption isotherms (Langmuir and Freundlich), kinetics (pseudo-first-order and second-order) and thermodynamic studies. Under various parameters, GO/ES is proven as an effective adsorbent with an adsorption capacity of F –  are up to 48 mg/g. The experimental data were satisfactorily fitted with Langmuir isotherm, which illustrated the monolayer pattern of F –  adsorption into GO/ES adsorbent. The adsorption kinetic analysis indicated that the adsorption data could be well described by Pseudo-second-order kinetic model, which indicated the chemisorption process, while thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption of F –  was an exothermic process.

Adsorption Analysis of Fluoride Removal Using Graphene Oxide/Eggshell Adsorbent