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Purpose The purpose of this study was  to discover the influence of smoke haze on the incidence of pneumonia in uder-five children in Pontianak. Method An ecological study was conducted using time trend analysis, correlation and multiple linear regression analysis on data of under-five children diagnosed with pneumonia following primary health care and meeting WHO criteria in Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (MTBS) in Pontianak from January 2010 to January 2014. Results The study found that smoke haze had no directly effects on the incidence of pneumonia in under-five children in Pontianak. Instead, pneumonia in under-five children is influencecd by seasons, while smoke haze is affected by the season, especially during the dry season. Conclusion Pneumonia disease in under-five children could influenced by season. In the dry season, NO 2 content in the air undergoes photochemical reactions that increase O 3 levels, while in the rainy season, pneumonia is affected by rainfall and wind velocity that causes air to become moist. The smoke haze generated by forest and land fires in the form of gases and particles has no directly effects pneumonia in under-five children. Further research to decrease O3 levels in the air, in the dry season needs to be done. In addition, policies related to the reduction of hotspots in the dry season also need to be done by the government to minimize the risk factors of pneumonia events.

The influence of smoke haze on the incidence of pneumonia in under-five children in Pontianak