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In this study, the physical mechanism of October 2006 storm surge in the east coast of Hokkaido, Japan, is examined by using a simple theoretical surge model. An approaching extratropical cyclone could generate abnormal high tide levels in Hanasaki even though along-shore (or shore-parallel) wind lasted nearly one day. Comparing to its features against the features of past typical storm surge events in Japan, its mechanism is considered to be different from the well-known type. In order to explain this unusual phenomenon, we introduce an analytical equation model including the Ekman transport term by which wind causes mass transport of 90 degree to the right of the wind not only due to the wind stress but also due to the earth's rotation. The analytical model can predict an increase of about 0.5m in high tide levels during 20 hours, which is consistent with present observations. The results suggest that the strong steady-state shore-parallel wind associated with a synoptic-scale extratropical system enables to generate a huge storm surge, even in coastal areas facing the deep open sea like the east coast of Hokkaido.

kaiyou kaihatsu rombunshuu/kaiyō kaihatsu rombunshū

A CASE STUDY ON STORM SURGE IN THE EAST COAST OF HOKKAIDO, JAPAN, DRIVEN BY STRONG SHORE-PARALLEL WIND ASSOCIATED WITH OCTOBER 2006 EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONE