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A method for simulating particle packing, in which the spherical particles were placed into a hypothetical rectangular vessel, was developed. A laboratory experiment, in which six different-sized spherical glass beads were mixed and used to fill a cylindrical vessel, was conducted to assess the validity of the simulation method. Good agreement between the calculated and observed results indicated that the simulation method is reliable for use in calculating the void ratio. Simulations were conducted to elucidate the dependency of the void ratio on parameters of a lognormal-type particle size distribution. These showed that when the particle size was uniform (lnσ = 0.0) the void ratio was small and close to the theoretical value for uniform-sized spherical particles (0.28); it increased drastically (0.37) when the particles had a small non-zero size-distribution (lnσ = 0.01), and decreased continuously with increasing standard deviation.

A SIMULATION MODEL FOR THE VOID PROPERTIES IN GRAVEL RIVERBED