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It has been pointed out that, for surcharged flow simulations in urban drainage sewer systems, manholes are very important runoff elements that govern the pressure-wave celerity of the surcharged flow. In the first half of this paper, a theoretical expression of the celerity, which evaluates a hydraulic function of manhles, is presented. In the later half, numerical simulations with representative urban sewer and simple underground channel systems are made using SWMM-EXTRAN, and the influence of a manhole storage on runoff characteristics of the surcharged flow are investigated.

Hydraulic Function of Manholes for Surcharged Flow in Urban Drainage Sewer Systems