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Effects of regularly arrayed square roughness on flow resistance and turbulent characteristics in an open channel have been investigated over a completely rough-bed with uniform stainless square ribs, where their heights were 5mm and 10mm. Detailed spatial measurements of streamwise and vertical velocity fluctuations were conducted using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) in a vertical plane along the completely rough bed surface. Experimental results indicated that flow resistance with three-dimensional square roughness is higher than that with twodimensional square roughness, the maximum value of flow resistance appeared in transverse spacingδ/k(transverse spacing/roughness height ratio)=1 and significant degrees of spatially regular variation in the time-averaged velocities were generated along the rough elements.

EFFECTS OF REGULALY ARRAYED ROUGHNESS ON FLOW RESISTANCE AND TURBULENT FLOW STRUCTURE IN AN OPEN CHANNEL WITH SQUARE RIBS