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Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are synthetic chemical which is persistent, bio-accumulative and suspected to be toxic. Municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTPs) have been identified as sources of PFCs contamination in water environment. This study focused on the contamination of eleven PFCs in samples collected from seven MWWTPs and in Bangkok, Thailand. The samples were collected from major of wastewater treatment processes in order to understand the behavior of PFCs in MWWTPs. All MWWTPs used activated sludge process to treat wastewater. The result showed that Chong Nonsi MWWTPs had the highest of PFCs concentration in final effluent (63.6 ng/L). Perfluorootane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorootanoic acid (PFOA) were predominant PFCs detected in final effluents than other PFCs. Final effluents had higher PFCs concentration than influents of the MWWTP which indicated that conventional wastewater treatment process using activated sludge was not effective to remove PFCs. Long carbon-chain PFCs tended to adsorb on particulate phase more than short carbon-chain ones. Comparing to other countries, the effluent concentration levels of PFOS and PFOA in Thailand were lower than those in Denmark, Taiwan and Singapore. However, several PFCs were detected in MWWTPs, suggesting municipal wastewater is one of the sources of PFCs contamination in the environment.

CONTAMINATION OF PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS (PFCs) IN SEVEN MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS IN BANGKOK, THAILAND