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One of the most important problems in tunnel construction is the stability of the tunnel face. This is controlled by a variety of factors such as the soil, the overburden, the ground water, the springing water and the tunnel construction method. Therefore, by analyzing these problems on the basis of a survey of the reports, the relation between the stability range of the tunnel face and the values of the soil were studied. Further, when collapse of tunnel face in sandy ground were studied from the standpoints of soil and construction method, it was proved that about 70% of these collapse of tunnel face were attribute to the construction method.

TUNNEL FACE STABILITY IN URBAN TUNNEL USING NATM