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The hazards of landsliding caused by earthquakes have not oddly been an issue of considerable technical debate probably because many slides have taken place in remote mountain areas and consequent impact on human activities has not been very significant. However, the sprawl of urbanization and evolvement of highway networks in recent years have exposed various kinds of infrastructures to the potential hazards of landsliding during earthquakes. One of the recent events which have kindled a serious concern in Japan is the widespread occurrence of landslides and rock falls at the time of the 1978 Izu-Ohshima-Kinkai earthquake. Highways and railways running along hillsides and oversteepened slopes were crosscut at many places and traffic was completely paralized for a few months, Another round of catastrophic events was a huge scale landslide which took place at the time of the Nagano-seibu earthquake of 1984 in Japan. A vast amount of soils and rocks, as much as 35 millions m3, was detached from the flank of the mountain and after bouncing off several times it plummeted down the gorge through a distance of about 12km. In the course of a deluge of debris flow, there were a number of fatalities, loss of properties and devastation of forestry lands. The features of the landslides in these two recent earthquakes are characterized by the fact that the slides took place on rather steep slopes near the shoulder of terrains of high relief, leaving the sliding planes exposed on the surface wherefrom recovery of undisturbed samples of soils could be made without difficulty. In many cases the soils involved are partially saturated silts of volcanic origin. There had been no trace of land movements prior to the earthquake, and therefore, the slides were those newly activated on fresh slip surface due mainly to inertia forces of the earthquakes. Evaluation of slope stability has been made using the strength parameters of soils obtained from the dynamic loading tests in which irregular time histories of shear stress were applied to undisturbed specimens of soils secured from sites of landsliding. The stress-strain curve and the definition of strength used in the stability analysis are illustrated in Fig. 1. Another noteworthy type of landslides took place in central Italy at the time of the 1980 Irpinia earthquake. Following the earthquake, dozens of landslides took place over the gentle slopes in the hilly terrains east of Naples. The features of the landslides in this earthquake are charaterized by their

CONSIDERATIONS FOR LANDSLIDES IN NATURAL SLOPES TRIGGERED BY EARTHQUAKES