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The clad steels are often produced by hot roll bonding with an insert of nickel. The influences of inter-diffusion between nickel and carbon steel on the microstructure and properties at the bonding interface were studied by means of the hot compressive bonding test.The hard layer formed at the bonding interface of steel/nickel held at 923K after heated to 1523K for 10ks, where the high carbon martensite phase was observed. At the bonding interface, the nickel diffused into the carbon steel side and the ferrite transformation temperature in the nickel diffused steel was lower than that in the base metal. The formation mechanism of carbon concentrated layer at the bonding interface can be explained by the carbon diffusion which is driven by the ferrite transformation temperature difference between in the base metal and the nickel diffused region.

Study on structure at solid state bonding interface and its controlling. (1). Hard layer formation at bonding interface of steel/nickel in clad steel.