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Background and Objectives: Substitution-box (s-box) is one of the essentialcomponents to create confusion and nonlinear properties in cryptography. Tostrengthening a cipher against various attacks, including side channel attacks,these boxes need to have numerous security properties. In this paper, a novelmethod to generate s-boxes is introduced aimed at improving the resistance ofs-boxes against side channel attacks. Methods: In the preprocessing phase ofthis approach, a suitable initial s-box which has some basic securityproperties is generated by adopting a fast algorithm. Then, in the main stage,using the initial s-box, we generate new s-boxes which not only have theproperties of the initial S-box but also have been significantly improved underanother set of security properties. To do this, new s-boxes are generated usinga genetic algorithm on a particular subset of the linear combination set ofcoordinate functions of the initial s-box in the preprocessing stage. Results:The performed experiments demonstrate that the values of all securityproperties of these new s-boxes, especially the measures of transparency order,signal-to-noise ratio, confusion coefficient, bijection property, fixed point,and opposite fixed points, have been substantially improved. For example, ourexperiments indicate that 70, 220, 2071, 43, and 406 s-boxes are found betterthan the initial s-box, respectively, in the dimensions of 4x4 through 8x8Conclusion: In this article, a new s-box construction method is introduced inwhich the properties related to side channel attacks are improved, withoutreducing other security properties. Besides, some results obtained fromgenerated s-boxes in the dimensions of 4x4 through 8x8 demonstrated that thegenerated s-boxes are not only improved relative to the initial s-box, but insome cases, considerably better than some well-known s-boxes.

Construction of Side Channel Attacks Resistant S-boxes using Genetic Algorithms based on Coordinate Functions