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Faults weaken during coseismic slip, and many factors affect the weakening process. Among these are the frictional properties and permeability of fault-consisting materials. The Taiwan Chelungpu-fault Drilling Project recovered cores from 500 m to 2000 m depth, penetrating several distinct major fault planes that are likely the slip planes from the 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake (Ma et al., 2006). We measured transport properties of fault rocks and conducted high- velocity friction experiments using drill core samples from two fault zones at 1111 m and 1153 m depths (FZA1111 and FZA1153), and attempted to reconstruct the coseismic fault weakening processes due to the change in frictional coeffi - cient and the effect of thermal pressurization (Sibson, 1973). Gas permeability of the fault rock samples were measured in a tri-axial apparatus using a steady-flow method with nitrogen gas for several pore pressure gradients (0.1-2.0 MPa) at effective pressures up to 140 MPa. Results show that permeability values range between 10-14 and 10 -18 m2, and also that permeability is 1-2 orders lower in FZA1111 than in FZA1153. Data under various pore pressure gradients allowed us to subtract the Klinkenberg effect for gas perme- ability, and thus we estimate the water permeability to be several factors lower. High-velocity frictional experiments were conducted at a normal stress of 0.7 MPa, using a high- velocity ring-shear friction apparatus. Velocity was continu- ously controlled so that the velocity history reproduces the coseismic slip history derived from a study based on waveform inversions (Ji et al., 2003). The frictional coeffi - cient decreased with acceleration and slip down to 0.1-0.2, and then recovered as the fault slip decel- erated to a level below its initial friction. This indicates that a velocity weakening behavior was observed as the fault weakened by slip weakening as well.

The Coseismic Fault Weakening Processes Inferred from Frictional and Transport Properties of Fault Rocks, TCDP