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In Australia, interchange fees on shared ATM transactions have been recently removed and replaced by usage fees directly set and received by ATM owners. We develop a model to study how entry of independent ATM deployers (IADs) affects welfare under the direct charging scheme. We show that paradoxically, IAD entry benefits banks. Entry benefits consumers when they strongly value the associated growth of the ATM network.

ATM Direct Charging Reform: the Effect of Independent Deployers on Welfare