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Formula-based fault localization approach is an algorithmic method that is able to provide fine-grained information account for identified root causes. The method combines the SAT-based formal verification techniques with the Reiter’s model-based diagnosis theory. This paper adapts the formula-based fault localization method, and introduces a new program encoding, called full flow-sensitive trace formula. This encoding is particularly useful for programs with multiple faults. Furthermore, we improve the efficiency of computing the potential root causes by using the push & pop mechanism of the Yices solver. We implemented the method in a tool, SNIPER, which was applied to some benchmarks. All single and multiple faults were successfully identified and discriminated.

A Formula-based Approach for Automatic Fault Localization of Multi-fault Programs