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Spam over Internet Telephony (SPIT) will become a serious threat in the near future because of the growing number of Voice over IP (VoIP) users, the ease of spam implementation, and the low cost of VoIP service. Due to the real-time processing requirements of voice communication, SPIT is more difficult to filter than email spam. In this paper, we propose a trust-based mechanism that uses the duration of calls and call direction between users to distinguish legitimate callers from spammers. The trust value is adjustable according to the calling behavior. We also propose a trust inference mechanism in order to calculate a trust value for an unknown caller to a callee. Realistic simulation results show that our approaches are effective in discriminating spam calls from legitimate calls.

Trust-based VoIP Spam Detection based on Calling Behaviors and Human Relationships