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Background  Many university campuses have limited mental health services that cannot cope with the high demand. One alternative is to use internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) as a way of tackling barriers such as lack of availability and scheduling issues.    Objective  This study aimed to assess feasibility, acceptability, effectiveness, and satisfaction of a supported iCBT intervention offering 3 programs on depression, anxiety, and stress to university students. The design was an open or nonrandomized feasibility trial.    Methods  Participants were recruited from 3 counseling centers at a large midwestern University in the United States. Those agreeing to take part chose 1 of 3 iCBT programs— Space from Depression ,  Space from Anxiety , or  Space from Stress  —all comprised 8 modules of media-rich interactive content. Participants were supported throughout the trial by a trained professional. The Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) questionnaire, and stress subscale of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were completed at baseline, 8 weeks, and 3-month follow-up. A Satisfaction With Treatment (SAT) questionnaire was completed at 8 weeks, and qualitative interviews were completed by a subsample of participants at 3 months.    Results  A total of 102 participants were recruited, with 52 choosing  Space from Anxiety , 31 choosing  Space from Depression , and 19 choosing  Space from Stress . Mixed-effects models showed a significant decrease in symptoms of depression ( F  4 =6.36,  P <.001), anxiety ( F  4 =7.97,  P <.001), and stress ( F  4 =8.50,  P <.001) over time across all 3 programs. The largest decreases in PHQ-9 scores at 8 weeks were among participants who chose the  Space from Depression  program ( d =0.84); at 3 months, the largest decreases in PHQ-9 scores were among those who chose the  Space from Stress  program ( d =0.74). The largest decreases in GAD-7 scores were among those who chose the  Space from Anxiety  program ( d =0.74 at 8 weeks and  d =0.94 at 3 months). The largest decrease in DASS-21 stress subscale scores was among those who chose the  Space from Stress  program ( d =0.49 at 8 weeks and  d =1.16 at 3 months). The mean time spent using the platform per session was 27.4 min (SD 33.8), and participants completed 53% (SD 37.6) of the total program content on average. Most (37/53, 69%) participants found the programs helpful or very helpful and liked the convenience and flexibility of the intervention. Qualitative interviews (n=14) indicated the intervention met students’ expectations, and they saw it as a valuable complement to face-to-face treatment.    Conclusions  The iCBT programs tested in our study appear to be feasible, acceptable, and effective in a university environment. Participants described the benefits of having a flexible, supported Web-based intervention available on campus. Larger trials should be conducted to further test the effectiveness of supported Web-based interventions that give students a choice of program depending on their symptom profile.

jmir mental health

Supported Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Programs for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in University Students: Open, Non-Randomised Trial of Acceptability, Effectiveness, and Satisfaction