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In order to analyze the dispersion of ‘Moko’ disease in a commercial plantain cultivation, quadrants were defined conformed by the axes of eight plants from a removed diseased plant (focus). It was possible to identify Ralstonia solanacearum in samples of water and soil originated from 12 points per quadrant, in four samplings performed on days 0, 45, 90 and 135. The isolates that formed typical fluid colonies (F), small fluid rounds (SFR) and non-fluid variants (NFV), were subjected to biochemical tests, molecular analysis (PCR), hypersensitivity reactions on tobacco leaves and pathogenicity on young plantain plants. The disease increased from an average of 8 to 10, 12 and 38 plants per quadrant over sampling time. In three quadrants the incidence was restricted to the area closest to the focus, whereas in the other there was a greater dispersion. The average number of typical colonies (F) isolated varied from 54 at day 0 to 114, 142 and 90 in subsequent samplings. The number of forming colony units per gram of soil (FCU/g) of the types F and SFR was always less than for NFV colonies; those of type F tended to decrease from the third sampling (day 90) and then registered a slight increase in the fourth (day 135). On their part, the number of FCU/g of type SFR increased in the second and third samplings and decreased in the last. The number of FCU/g of type NFV, although ten times more abundant than the other types, presented a similar behavior to the type SFR and its decrease was more drastic at the end. Type F colonies were more frequent in the immediate focus areas, which coincided with the increase of diseased plants, whereas type NFV colonies predominated in intermediate areas. The amplification of DNA segments by PCR (Oli1 – Y2) confirmed the results of the biochemical, hypersensitivity and pathogenicity characterizations. Type F colonies showed a larger number of positive responses than SFR and NFV to each of the tests, including pathogenicity.

Dispersión de Ralstonia solanacearum en suelos cultivados con plátano en el Piedemonte Llanero