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The results of the epidemiological study on this central nervous system disease of unknown cause occurring in the Minamata region are as follows:   1.  Cases started to occur at the end of 1953. The number of patients was 13 in 1954, 8 in 1955, and dramatically increased to 31 in 1956 (as of the end of November), resulting in a total of 52 patients in 3 years.   2.  The number of cases that occurred per month was higher in April–September and lower in winter, demonstrating marked seasonal change.   3.  Case numbers are similar, irrespective of age and gender. However, there have been no infant cases.   4.  The case fatality rate of this disease is 33%. Most patients’ symptoms have not changed for a long time, and no patient has been cured completely. The prognosis of this disease is extremely poor.   5.  The area where cases occurred is limited to farmers’ and fishermen’s communities on the seashore of Hyakken Port in Minamata City and is not expanding. In particular, many patients are from fishermen’s households, and the familial aggregation rate is extremely high at 40%. Moreover, many cats raised in the same area had similar symptoms and have died.   6.  It has been found that this disease develops after long-term continuous exposure to a common cause, which is conceivably contaminated fish and shellfish inhabiting the bay.     Acknowledgments  We acknowledge the Minamata Strange Disease Countermeasures Committee for their enthusiastic support and cooperation in this study.

A Central Nervous System Disease of Unknown Cause That Occurred in the Minamata Region: Results of an Epidemiological Study