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The coastal area is highly considered as one of the most complex areas to be handled by the traditional planning system. In managing coastal areas, there must be integrated coastal management between various related agencies, technically and physically. The management of the coastal area depends on the coastal manager's ability to recognize and comprehend the complexity of natural coastal processes. Thus, this paper addresses how GIS tool is embedded in the coastal management system from the perspectives of government agencies in Selangor. The objectives of this research are: to identify the present integration between coastal management and GIS at government agencies in Selangor coastal districts; and to study the application of GIS and related spatial information technologies to local government officials. Data were gathered through survey. The findings show positive relationship between coastal management and GIS in Selangor. Government agencies indeed has actively been using GIS as part of the management tool of the coastal area in Selangor This may eventually lead to GIS application being recognised as a significant tool to be used in coastal management. Keyword: coastal management, government agencies, GIS implementation Date Received: 31 May 2017 Date of Acceptance: 21 October 2017 Tuminah Paiman, & M. Zainora Asmawi GIS Application in Coastal Management: The Perspectives of Government Agencies in Selangor © 2017 by MIP 160 INTRODUCTION The coastal area is considered one of the most complex areas to be handled through traditional planning system. In managing coastal areas, there must be integrated coastal management between various related agencies, technically and physically (Sousa et al., 2016). Nowadays, Geographic Information System (GIS) is becoming a utility for analysing the dynamics of the coastal areas. Among the frequent users of GIS whose works relate to the coastal areas are town planners, engineers and land managers, who are concerned with the spatial and time distribution of coastal changes like landslides and sediment drift, whilst identifying possible causes and consequences. To record coastal behaviour, a multi-temporal study where large quantity of data in various types and from various sources are collected for a better description of the coastal behaviour. Therefore, a reliable inventory describing the type of activities in coastal area is needed before any analysis takes place (Martínez-Harms & Balvanera, 2012). What needs to be noted is that management of coastal area depends on the coastal manager's ability to acknowledge and comprehend the complexity of natural coastal processes. Modelling natural coastal processes requires the ability to combine both spatial and non-spatial information from multiple datasets. GIS could integrate physical, ecological, socio-economic and hazards information, which makes it among the best assessment tools to support management efforts in coastal area. Through GIS’ practises, coastal managers are able to model vulnerability to coastal erosion, sea-level rise and other threats so that decision makers have the necessary information to protect local communities and effectively manage coastal natural resources (Templer et al., 2016). Thus, this study explore the application of GIS in coastal management in Selangor coastal districts. GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) IN COASTAL MANAGEMENT Globally, coastlines are undergoing rapid development, and therefore firm management policies have to be established. However, for any coastal management to be effective, the policies need to be based on informed decisionmaking. This in turn requires ready access to appropriate, reliable and timely data and information in a suitable form for the task at hand. Since much of these information and data is likely to have spatial components, GIS can contribute significantly to coastal management in a number of ways: it can handle much larger databases, and integrate and synthesize data from a much wider range of relevant criteria than might be achieved through manual methods. GIS encourages the development and use of standards for coastal data definition, collection and storage, which promotes compatibility of data and processing techniques between projects and between departments, as PLANNING MALAYSIA Journal of the Malaysia Institute of Planners (2017) © 2017 by MIP 161 well as ensuring consistency of approach at any one site over time (Bartlett & Celliers, 2016). The coastal area is highly dynamic, and scientists or managers increasingly require access to technologies that can represent these dynamics, particularly to evaluate and deal appropriately with changes in the geometry of the shore. Two main divisions of coastal change analysis may be recognized: monitoring and simulation modelling. GIS has been applied to coastlines planning, management and monitoring in order to keep track of a wide range of natural and human-induced changes. While monitoring can help to identify and evaluate changes that are taking place on the shore, effective management of the coastal area occasionally requires intervention and manipulation of the processes, controls, feedback and inter-relationships at work along, within and across the shore, in order to arrive at more desirable results (Islam & Sugianto, 2007). Modelling and simulation of coastal phenomena are extremely valuable techniques for assessing the effectiveness and likely impacts of such intervention. By combining rapid data retrieval with analytical and modelling functions, GIS can respond rapidly and flexibly to ad hoc “what if” questions. Thus, a welldesigned coastal area information system could be a significant decision support tool to aid the development of integrated and sustainable coastal resource management strategies (Eldrandaly & Naguib. 2013). The use of maps and spatial information in natural resource management and land-use planning is essential to improving the sustainable and equitable use of land and natural resources through participatory community and local level planning and investment. GIS can be used for any number of coastal management applications, like improving the administration and enforcement of zoning ordinances. It can measure distances and areas, and thus determine a minimum lot width of 100 ft. and minimum lot size of 20,000 sq. ft. as often mandated in subdivision regulations. Alternatively, GIS can also be used to generate buffers around lines or designated areas. The benefits of application of GIS approach to coastal management include: 1. The ability to model, test and compare alternative scenarios before the proposed strategy is imposed on the real world; 2. The ability to handle much larger databases, and to integrate and synthesize data. This leads to a more holistic and coordinated management strategies; and 3. Enhanced capacity for data exchange. There are few successful GIS tools that have been used in managing coastal area. These are listed in Table 1. Tuminah Paiman, & M. Zainora Asmawi GIS Application in Coastal Management: The Perspectives of Government Agencies in Selangor © 2017 by MIP 162 Table 1 Example of GIS application used in coastal management

GIS APPLICATION IN COASTAL MANAGEMENT: THE PERSPECTIVES OF GOVERNMENT AGENCIES IN SELANGOR