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A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a small device that has batteries and radios to connect to the internet. The main problem with WSNs is a limited energy source, energy studies needed to ensure that these sensor nodes can last longer, especially since a lot of energy is wasted during idle listening, overhearing, and data collision that occurs at the medium access control (MAC) layer. The common mechanism used for saving energy in WSN, specifically at the MAC layer is the duty cycle schedule. Duty cycling coordinates sleep-wake time sensor nodes to maximize network lifetime while achieving specific application goals such as high throughput or low latency. Duty cycling of every node should be adjusted separately at any runtime depending on the network conditions to achieve desired delay guarantees and energy efficiency. Recently, a few adaptive duty cycle schemes were introduced, these schemes have reduced energy consumption by some degree, this leaves an open end to the degradation of the quality of service. In this study, adaptive duty cycles enhanced with a priority queue where packet size is the parameter to adjust the duty cycle in order to get efficient energy consumption. A variant of packet size tested to ensure optimum quality of services (QoS). These factors determine the duration of a node’s listen period for various packet transmission scenarios and requirements. As the result, the proposed Enhanced S-MAC (ESMAC) shows an improvement in the energy consumption and QoS compared to the default MAC protocol and S-MAC protocol. The success of this project will contribute to the performance improvement of sensing devices.

An enhanced adaptive duty cycle scheme for energy efficiency and QoS awareness in wireless sensor networks