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The objective of the present review is to summarize the available information on the fossil records of mangrove species, and to present and discuss the theories considering their origin and dispersal routes, emphasizing the American species. It is suggested that the genera Rhizophora and Avicennia originated during the Eocene in the Indo-Malayan region, and migrated to America through the ancient Tethys Sea. When this route was closed in the Oligocene, new mangrove genera were unable to reach the Atlantic coast. Mangrove species reached the Pacific shores of America when North and South America were separate continents. The genera Conocarpus , Laguncularia and Pelliciera originated in west Gondwanaland, and have not been dispersed significantly outside their original distribution area.

Origen y rutas de dispersión de los mangles: una revisión con énfasis en las especies de América